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Central African Republic
The Central African Republic (CAR) is one of the poorest countries in the world. Following the crisis from 2013 to 2015, the improvement in the political context is an opportunity for CAR to take the...
Regions and countries
Spatial poverty and inequality in South Africa: A municipality level analysis
Using the 2011 South African population census, we provide income and multidimensional poverty and inequality estimates at the municipal level. We go on to estimate a spatial econometric model to iden...
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Vulnerabilities to crises and resilience - 2017-2021 Strategy
AFD’s motto, « A word in common », illustrates the interdependence of women and men who share the same space and destiny. Crises – whether relating to security, politics, health, food, economics, soci...
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Céline Gilquin: Water issue a major challenge
In the context of the next World Water Forum, which will kick off on 18 March in Brazil, Céline Gilquin, Head of AFD’s Water and Sanitation Division, gives details about the key challenges concerning...
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Kenya - 2017-2021 Strategy
AFD group has been operating in Kenya since 1995 via its subsidiary PROPARCO. AFD subsequently opened an agency in Nairobi in 1997, with a regional competence for the five countries which make up the...
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Soweto Water Project | 2005 - 2010 | A filmed evaluation
The Operation "Gcin'amanzi" (Zulu for "water conservation") in Soweto is one of the country's most ambitious water-related projects. In post-apartheid South Africa the project was essential. Since the...
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10 years of partnership between India and AFD
Today’s world is increasingly interconnected. Building a safer, more equitable and sustainable world implies intensifying collective action and partnerships to shape solutions that benefit all. India...
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Why is the water issue a major challenge?
Today, 2.1 billion people do not have access to drinking water and 4.5 billion people do not benefit from sanitation services.
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Retrospective Analysis of the Urban Water Supply Sector in Senegal: A Public-Private Partnership Over Time
This study, commissioned by the AFD Innovation, Research and Knowledge department, provides a retrospective analysis of the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) that has been managing the urban water supp...
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8th World Water Forum Press Kit
The international community will be gathering at the 8th World Water Forum in Brasilia (18 - 23 March 2018) to discuss water, a vital resource. The situation is urgent: over 2 billion men, women and c...
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Water & sanitation: 2017 Review of the implementation of the strategy for 2014-2018
EUR 1.3 billion for the water and sanitation sector 2017 confirmed the strong growth in the annual volume of financing approvals, which has doubled since 2014. Out of EUR 1.3 billion, EUR 1.2 billi...
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French Guiana: Spring water ... finally drinkable
In the Amerindian village of Favard, in the municipality of Roura in French Guiana, the installation of a water treatment unit has given residents access to drinking water all year round. This is prov...
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Impacts of Rural Electrification Revisited: The African Context
The investment requirements to achieve the United Nations’ universal electricity access goal by 2030 are estimated at 640 billion US Dollars. The assumption underlying this goal is that electrificatio...
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International emigration and labour market outcomes of women staying behind: the case of Morocco
We tackle the issue of women's activity rates in Morocco by adopting a mixed method approach. Using the 2007 household survey, we find that having a migrant in the household increases women's labour p...
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Toward an Analytical Framework for the Governance of Natural Resources: The Case of Groundwater
The issue of groundwater management challenges the paradigm along which the concept of good governance has developed since the 1990s. We show that in contexts involving multiple power structures, the...
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State Legitimacy: A Multidimensional Approach
This paper intends to develop a multidimensional measure of state legitimacy that provides original information on the interaction between a country’s polity and its social fabric. An index of state l...
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Resilience to Crisis and Social Protection
This paper investigates the linkage between social protection policies and economic resilience. Does social protection have an impact on income and growth? What role do social protection policies play...
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Water from the heights, water from the grassroots: the Governance of common dynamics and public services in La...
As in many large cities, the now prevailing technical model for producing and distributing water in La Paz and El Alto is that of a centralized network serving the whole population of the two cities....
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How do earmarked funds change the geographical allocation of multilateral assistance?
Almost nonexistent in the early 90s, bilateral development assistance disbursed through earmarked funds co-managed by multilateral donors is playing an increasing role in the aid landscape. While the...
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Reintegration upon return: insights from Ecuadorian returnees from Spain
Using the ECM2 survey data on Ecuadorian migrants returning from Spain, we investigate the determinants of reintegration upon return. We study how the migration experience, but also the before- and af...
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